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WOULD YOU RATHER HAVE
ONE HALF OR SIX TWELFTHS OF
A PIZZA?
MASTER TEACHER Robbie Mumford
GRADES 4-5
OVERVIEW
In this lesson the students will have the opportunity to
visually explore the concept of equivalent fractions with the use of
fraction bars and pictures. In a tasty fashion, as on the video, they will
be creating their own equivalent fraction paper pizza. With the roll of
the dice, they will understand how to find equivalent fractions on their own.
Real life applications with the use of fractions in the working world will be
explored. A scientific data collecting chart will help them determine
amounts of cuts it takes to create the many sliced pizzas. In conclusion,
they will be able to determine the answer to the question in our lesson title in
the midst of the dough.
ITV SERIES
The Eddie Files, "Fractions: Any Way You Slice
It," #104
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students will be able to:
* identify a fraction equivalent to a given fraction
* create equivalent fractions through a product method
* name some job fields where fractions are used daily
* collect information for a scientific data chart
MATERIALS
Pre-viewing activities:
(for teacher)
5 nickels/1 quarter
mechanical pencil/ #2 pencil
sweet-n-low packet/spoonful of sugar
2 chart sheets(1 with vocabulary words/pictures/definitions, 1
with product method for creating equivalent fractions)
Making One! Activity: (per 2 students)
brown paper lunch sacks
cut fraction strips (see sheet at end of lesson)
Fraction Match Activity: (per 4 students)
set of fraction picture flashcards (commercially available
through education supply store)
The Great Pizza Swap Activity: (per student)
1 construction paper cut circle for each student (the size of a
paper plate)
construction paper of various colors for pizza trimmings
glue and scissors
Equivalent Fraction Creation Activity: (per 2 students)
2 number cubes
paper and pencil
Data Dough Scientific Chart: (per 4 students)
data dough chart (see end of lesson)
cut the pizza sheet (see end of lesson)
rulers/pencils
VOCABULARY
fraction- the number that names part of a whole (1/2, 2/3, 6/6)
numerator- the number above the fraction bar in a fraction (2 in
2/3)
denominator- the number below the fraction bar in a fraction (3
in 2/3)
equivalent- fractions that name the same quantity (1/2 = 2/4)
PRE-VIEWING ACTIVITIES
Ask students to think of items they might be willing to
exchange. Give example of 5 nickels for a quarter, a mechanical pencil for
a #2 pencil, and a sweet-n-low packet for a spoonful of sugar. Discuss why
they might be willing to exchange these items. (They are about equal in
value.) Define vocabulary words with pictures to help them visually
remember the definitions using teacher chart. Stress equivalent means
simply changing the names being used, not the value of the amounts.
FOCUS FOR VIEWING
To give students a specific responsibility while viewing, tell
the students the video will activate their taste buds for all the fraction
activities they will be involved in today. Then they will be making the
actual pizza fraction activity step by step as Eddie does in his classroom in
New York, comparing our results with the one on the video. Students will
watch for the job fields in which fractions play a major part. Listen
throughout the video for Sal who will present a scientific challenge question
for us to test out at the end of our lesson.
VIEWING ACTIVITIES
BEGIN the tape on the frame that is stamped "The
Eddie Files with Kay Toliver." PAUSE when Eddie
says, "And for breakfast, the only thing better than pancakes is..."
with just the pancakes on the screen. Tell the students now that their
tastebuds have started up. Let's start our Making One! activity.
Have each pair of students take out the fraction bars from their brown paper
lunch sacks. Give instructions: Place the fraction strips face up.
Place the strip representing one whole on the bottom. In turn, each
student chooses one fraction strip and places it on top, lining up to see
equivalent fractions. Help students recognize which fractions show the
same amount. Next, match each pair of students with another pair of
students for groups of 4 for Fraction Match activity. Give instructions:
One student becomes dealer shuffling and dealing out the fraction picture
flashcards to each member of their group. Each display their card picture
side up and begin matching fractions that cover the same amount but with
different fraction names. The group first to match all their cards
correctly raises their hands. All groups must agree now that the
equivalent fractions are correct. Say, "Now on to the tasty activity
with Eddie's class. Watch how they will be making pizza in class
today." RESUME video. PAUSE where the teacher refers to
the student James' pizza almost looking like a face. Give students their
materials for the Great Pizza Swap activity. You can cut patterns ahead of
time or allow students to cut from the various colored construction paper.
Suggestions are red for pepperoni, orange for cheese, black for olives, brown
for mushrooms, green for green peppers, etc. When ready, have students
watch the next portion of video for directions on fraction cuts for each table.
RESUME video. PAUSE when teacher does her countdown and
yells swap with arms in air. Name each group a fraction name (1/2, 1/4,
1/8, 1/6, 1/12, etc.). REWIND. PAUSE where the
teacher is shown in a closeup of her face. Have students closely listen to
the directions once again. RESUME video. PAUSE at same spot
of countdown when teacher yells, "Swap!" Reenact her countdown
and call out, "Swap!" to the students. Time accordingly.
Call out, "Stop!" Discuss with each group their results.
Have them watch and compare results of their pizza swap with Eddie's classroom. RESUME
vidoe. PAUSE at the Sal's Pizza Shop scene on the street after
leaving the classroom. Ask students if they know how they might create
equivalent fractions without strips, pictures, or pieces of pizza. Explain
product method chart. Direct students into Equivalent Fraction Creation
activity. Give directions: In groups of 2 students throw both number
cubes and write a fraction. Use the smaller number on top. Throw one
cube now and multiply the numerator and the denominator of your fraction by the
number rolled and write the equivalent fraction created. Roll and repeat
for 5 rounds. Now direct conversation to job fields involving fractions.
Say, "Let's view 3 main job fields (cooking chef, professional
photographer, and musician) and watch for Sal's scientific challenge questions
for our ending activity." RESUME to view remainder of video.
STOP at the closing
POST-VIEWING ACTIVITIES
We have seen various ways in which people work with equivalence
every day. Our world is an equivalent fraction in itself. We are divided
in half by the northern and southern hemispheres. We are further divided
into fourths as we bring in the eastern and western hemispheres. Our last
activity will involve cuts, not into our world, but equivalent cuts into
circular pizzas. Begin Sal's Data Dough Scientific Chart activity and the
challenge set before them in groups of 4. Pass out data chart sheet, Cut
the Pizza sheet, pencils and rulers. Give directions: Experiment
cutting into each pizza using pencil and rulers to discover different amounts of
slices. Calculate with each try how many number of cuts were needed to do
that on your chart. You can conclude with the question of lesson
title-waiting to hear the answer that they (the fractions) are all the same
amounts or equivalent.
ACTION PLAN
1. Have a chef, music teacher, professional photographer,
carpenter, etc. come in to explain how fractions are involved in their job
fields every day.
2. Visit the following web sites for further information
and lessons.
*Web sites and resources for teachers
www.csun.edu/~vceed009
*MegaMathematics
www.c3.lanl.gov/mega-math
*Macmillan&Magraw-Hill's
www.mhschool.com
* K-12 Science
www.scicentral.com/K-12
EXTENSIONS
Reading
Read The Pizza Book, Fun Facts, a Recipe-The Works! by Stephen
Krensky and use measurements to actually cook a pizza
Read Fractions and Decimals by Usborne and build an equivalent
fraction wall as in the Og's story.
Social Studies/Writing
Find out background legend of the history of pizza and it's
inventor. Write as news flash headline story.
Science
Design and build a rain gauge, compass, sundial, etc. with
different fractional markings.
Math
Compare different fractional markings in fractional quantities
of length, liquid, or weight measurement.
PRODUCT METHOD CHART
Equivalent fractions can be found by: Multiplying the
numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same number (not zero)
3 -
3 X 3 - 9
4 -
4 X 3 - 12
3 IS
EQUIVALENT TO 9
4
12
Two fractions are equivalent if (and only if) their cross
products are equal.
CROSS
3 9 3 X
12 = 36
PRODUCTS 4
12 4 X 12 = 36
Since the cross products are equal, we know that
3 = 9
4
12
Updated: April 01, 2008
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